Start studying anatomy and physiology of the periodontium. Gingival physiology definition of gingival physiology by. The width of attached gingiva varies in different areas of the mouth and have been given a range of 19 mm, 14 mm, 05 mm. Histology and physiology of the gingiva sciencedirect. Featuring an array of coloring and labeling activities, dental anatomy coloring book, 2nd edition, provides an easy, fun, and effective way to memorize the structures of the head and neck region as well as the basic body systems affecting dentistry. Started in 1995, this collection now contains 6767 interlinked topic pages divided into a tree of 31 specialty books and 732 chapters. Its boundaries are, coronally, the free gingival margin. Contained within the inner gingival connective tissue are gingival fibroblasts, which play a crucial role in tissue repair and the inflammatory response. Gingival anatomy definition of gingival anatomy by the. The gingival margin, or free gingival crest, at the most superficial part of the marginal gingiva, is also easily seen clinically, and its location should be recorded on a patients chart. Study 43 periodontal anatomy flashcards from emily g. The rftnthcfm treatment of plaqueinduced gingivitis. Keratinized gingiva is a thicker, more robust tissue and protects teeth from abrasion.
This video describes the macroscopic features of the gingiva, blood and nerve supply and lymphatic drainage. It also resists inflammation and its deleterious effects on the periodontium. Pdf on jan 1, 2012, antonio bascones and others published gingivitis find. The gingiva is composed of an outer epithelium and an inner network of connective tissue. Gum, also called gingiva, plural gingivae, in anatomy, connective tissue covered with mucous membrane, attached to and surrounding the necks of the teeth and adjacent alveolar bone. In young dogs which have an open apex the fractured tooth will remain vital for up to two weeks whereas in an older dog with a closed apex the fractured tooth may. It can be divided into the free gingiva, which is closely adapted to the tooth surface, and the attached gingiva, which is firmly attached to the underlying periosteum of the alveolar bone figs 4. March 19, 2020 the gingiva is the anatomical term for gums.
In about half of individuals, it is demarcated from the adjacent, attached gingiva by a shallow linear depression, the free gingival groove. The american academy of periodontology classifies gingival disease as a major group of periodontal diseases and distinguishes two main subgroups, those gingival diseases induced by dental plaque and those attributed to other causes. Periodontal anatomy dental hygiene denhyg 1114 with. New to this edition all chapters have been extensively revised. Gingival biopsies from healthy buccal gingival units in 10 young individuals 1214 yr were analyzed morphometrically. This means that when a probe is placed at the gingival margin in a healthy mouth, it can be inserted up to three millimeters into the sulcus formed.
Gingival diseases their aetiology, prevention and treatment junction ainamo and loe 1966. Veterinary dentistry basics royal veterinary college. When the researchers examined patients who had stained gingiva versus those who did not, they found that earlystage lesions demonstrated a reddish blush of the oral mucosa and gingiva, while latestage lesions demonstrated increased blush of the oral tissues, as well as hyperplasia of the soft tissue or bone in the affected area. Gingiva is the soft tissue lining that overlies the alveolar bone and surrounds the dentition fig. Similar to the variations seen in bowers study, the widest zone of attached gingiva was found in the incisors and the least. Gingivitis and periodontitis are the two major forms of in flammatory diseases affecting the periodontium. To achieve a high degree of data accuracy for each anterior tooth position, data were collected. This book on clinical oral anatomy is a marvel and has great promise. Gingiva project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks read. The innervation and blood supply of the maxillary and mandibular teeth are dependant on the blood vessels and the nerves that supply the upper and lower jaws. Anatomy and physiology of the periodontium flashcards.
As the maxilla is deemed part of the midface and the mandible part of the lower face respectively, it is logical to assume that they have separate neurovasculature. Each chapter includes several images that you are asked to color and connect with corresponding labels. Mucogingival junction the mucogingival junction mgj is the junction between the soft, fleshy mucus membrane of the oral cavity and the tough, collagen rich gingiva. The rftnthcfm treatment of plaqueinduced gingivitis, chronic. Gingival zenith positions and levels of the maxillary. It covers the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the portions of the teeth near where the root and crown join cervical portion. Normal gingiva covers the alveolar bone and tooth root to a level just coronal to the cementenamel junction. The anatomy and physiology of the healthy periodontium will be described in its. The gingival fiber apparatus serves as a barrier to apical migration of the junctional epithelium and binds the gingival tissues to the teeth. Part of oral mucosa that covers the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth. Mar 30, 2018 welcome to perioclassroom, this channel is dedicated towards periodontology. In the present study, the range of the mean width of attached gingiva varied from 1 mm to 4 mm.
The gingiva gum is the portion of oral mucosa covering the alveolar bone ridge. It is keratinised to withstand the stress of ripping and tearing food. The lower gingiva includes the mucosa covering the mandible from the gingivalbuccal gutter to the origins of the mobile mucosa on the floor of the mouth. The marginal gingiva is stabilized by the gingival fibers that have no bony support. Gingiva the gingiva jin je va is the part of the oral tissue oral mucosa covered by keratinized epithelium. Hienz, saso ivanovski, in functional occlusion in restorative dentistry and prosthodontics, 2016. The gingiva surrounds the teeth and the marginal parts of the alveolar bone, forming a cuff around each tooth. Content introduction development anatomic classification clinical features microscopic features gingival fibers 3.
Gingiva article about gingiva by the free dictionary. Two types of soft tissue exist in the oral cavity, keratinized gingiva b and nonkeratinized mucosa c. Textbook of dental anatomy and oral physiology pdf october 4, 2017 february 5, 2020 adnan aftab 0 comments textbook of dental anatomy and oral physiology pdf including occlusion and forensic odontology 20. Gingival anatomy definition of gingival anatomy by the free. This book provides dentists, dental hygienists, dental therapists and. The aim may be to cover exposed root surfaces or merely to augment the band of keratinized tissue. The keratinized attached gingiva provides the periodontium with increased resistance to external injury, contributes to the stabilization of the gingival margin, and aids in dissipating. Oct 14, 2019 gingiva plural gingivae anatomy the gum, consisting of the tissue surrounding the roots of the teeth and covering the jawbone. Crowns of teeth are often partially or completely covered by the hyperplastic gingiva forming a potential space or pocket between the gingiva and the crown where plaque is able to accumulate. Increasing attached gingiva should be strongly considered in cases where the patients plaque control is compromised.
Histologic characteristics of clinically healthy gingiva. The classification is found in appendix i of this book. Smiling is include the teeth, the gingiva, and the tongue that are all considered one of. As a first step, a thorough description of the histological features of the healthy equine gingiva is required. The attached gingiva is tightly bound to the underlying alveolar bone. There are three types of epithelium present, the oral, sulcular, and the junctional epithelium. Gum health and disease can have an effect on general health. The gingiva is the soft tissue that covers the alveolar process and surrounds the neck of the teeth.
Attached gingiva article about attached gingiva by the free. Normal gingival topography permits the free flow of food away from the. The importance of keratinized gingiva surrounding dental. Anatomy of pulp cavity and its access opening duration. Gingival anatomy definition of gingival anatomy by medical. The gingiva is divided anatomically into marginal, attached and interdental areas. Gingival sulcus the gingival sulcus is located between the tooth and the free gingival margin and is the crevice that surrounds the tooth. The causes of nonplaqueinduced gingival diseases include bacterial, viral, and fungal. The attached gingiva is delineated from the oral mucosa by the mucogingival line. Their primary etiology is bacterial plaque, which can initiate destruction of the gingival tissues and periodontal attachment apparatus. The marginal gingiva is the terminal edge of gingiva surrounding the teeth in collar like fashion. The anatomy and physiology of the healthy periodontium. Histologic characteristics of clinically healthy gingiva in adolescents.
As the maxilla is deemed part of the midface and the mandible part of the lower face respectively, it is logical to assume that they have separate neurovasculature while it is true that within the alveolar bone the maxillary. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The gingiva is typically coral pink in color, but may vary due to physiologic pigmentation among some races, whereas the alveolar mucosa is deep red in color fig2ab. The gingiva is composed of fibrous tissue covered by mucous membrane that is. The anatomy and physiology of the healthy periodontium, gingival diseases their aetiology, prevention and treatment, fotinos s. The apically positioned flap, free gingival graft, and subepithelial connective tissue graft are the most common surgical procedures used for augmenting the zone of attached gingiva effectively and predictably. First published in 1944, orbans oral histology and embryology has become the classic text for successive generations of dental students. This outer epithelial layer is keratinized, forming a protective layer around the tooth. Periodontal anatomy dental hygiene denhyg 1114 with folino. At the dentogingival junction, the marginal, or unattached, gingiva is the terminal edge of the gingiva, surrounding the teeth in a. Free gingiva marginal gingiva the free gingiva or marginal gingiva surrounds the neck of the tooth. Components of the periodontium garant 2003 a normal pigmentation. Gingival grafting, also called gum grafting or periodontal plastic surgery, is a generic term for the performance of any of a number of periodontal surgical procedures in which the gum tissue is grafted. Orban, clinical and histologic study of the surface characteristics of the gingiva oral surg.
The oral the anatomy and physiology of the healthy periodontium 9 epithelium is continuous with the epithelium of the oral cavity. Histology and physiology of the gingiva balint orban, m. Textbook of dental anatomy and oral physiology pdf free. The attached gingiva is delineated from the oral mucosa by the. The attached gingiva is tightly adherent to the subgingival connective tissue and bone via deep rete pegs. The gingiva consists of an outer layer of epithelium and an inner. Additional instructions and trouble shooting are included with the game.
Histologic characteristics of clinically healthy gingiva in. The gingiva is composed of fibrous tissue covered by mucous membrane that is firmly attached to the periosteum of the alveolar processes of the mandible and maxilla. The importance of keratinized gingiva surrounding dental implants. Before the erupting teeth enter the mouth cavity, gum pads develop. These findings led to their conclusion that at least 2 mm of keratinized gingiva is required for stability of the periodontium lang and loe, 1972. The gingiva consists of a surface epithelium and underlying connective tissue termed the lamina propria. Specimens were taken from six horses 3 mares, 3 geldings, age. This article describes the different types of gingiva as well as covering the histology and clinical aspects related to the gums. Gingival hyperplasia there can be varying amounts of pigmentation reflecting the normal pigmentation of the oral mucosa. Gingival anatomy definition of gingival anatomy by. The marginal or unattached gingiva is the terminal edge or border of the gingiva that surrounds the teeth in collarlike fashion figures 11 and 12. The sulcus lining epithelium renews itself rapidly every 4 6 days compared to 6. Gingiva features five playable characters, over 100 fully animated creature portraits, multiple paths and varied endings. Attached gingiva article about attached gingiva by the.
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